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Joe Raedle/Bloomberg News

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Almost three months after their trade talks broke down in acrimony, Chinese and American negotiators meet again in Shanghai this week amid tempered expectations for breakthroughs in their yearlong trade war.

Two days of talks are scheduled to restart July 30 after a truce reached by Presidents Donald Trump and Xi Jinping on the sidelines of the Group of 20 summit in Osaka, Japan, last month. Deep tensions remain, though, and recent days have brought mixed signals from both sides, with neither showing an urge to compromise.

China has purchased millions of tons of soybeans from the United States and Chinese companies will continue to seek American agricultural products including soybean, cotton, pork, sorghum, wheat, corn and diary, state media Xinhua News Agency said July 28. At the same time, official data showed that imports of soybeans from the United States slumped in the first half to the lowest level in more than a decade, while purchases of pork dropped 16% in June from May, highlighting the real-world impact of the spat.

The People’s Daily newspaper said in a commentary July 29 agricultural purchases are a “goodwill” step to implement the consensus reached by Xi and Trump in Japan, calling the United States to reciprocate and meet China halfway.

Nevertheless, Beijing also has called the United States the “black hand” behind anti-government protests in Hong Kong and said July 26 an investigation into FedEx Corp.’s claims it mistakenly rerouted Huawei Technologies Co. packages to the United States found additional legal violations.

Trump has spoken with tech executives about the ban on selling products to Huawei and potentially easing that prohibition while other U.S. officials played down the possibility of a quick trade deal.

At stake is the health of the global economy, which is being weighed down by uncertainty for markets and companies. The International Monetary Fund last week further reduced its estimates for global growth and warned that damage was to some extent “self-inflicted” by prolonged uncertainty caused by the trade war, escalating tensions over technology and Brexit.

“There is still a huge gap between the two sides on key sticking points,” said Robin Xing, chief China economist at Morgan Stanley in Hong Kong. “So far, there is still no clear path toward a comprehensive deal.”

China is holding to its three key demands: the immediate removal of all existing tariffs, a balanced agreement and realistic targets for additional Chinese purchases of American products. No achievements would be made if the United States sticks to its existing stance during the Shanghai talks, Taoran Notes, a blog run by the state-owned Economic Daily newspaper, said July 26.

The United States should remove all additional tariffs first if it wants to reach a deal, and equality and respect between the sides are the only way to reach agreement, it said. China is not afraid of U.S. threats to impose tariffs on an additional $300 billion of Chinese goods, it said.

Among the U.S.’ demands are structural reforms to China’s economy, greater protection of intellectual property rights and a more balanced trading relationship. Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross on July 23 said Trump’s objective is to get “a proper deal.”

Leading the delegation from Washington, U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer and Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin “will put forth the view we’d like to go back to where we were last May, where we did not have an agreement but we seemed to be about 90% of the way there,” White House Economic adviser Larry Kudlow told reporters July 29.

The prospects for an agreement are hampered by tensions over geopolitical issues including Hong Kong, North Korea, Taiwan and the South China Sea. Huawei remains a key point of contention, with China last week urging the U.S. to block a proposed bill that would stop the Chinese telecoms giant from accessing U.S. patents.

Some in the U.S. administration also are concerned that the elevated role of Commerce Minister Zhong Shan in Shanghai may bode ill for the talks. He has a reputation as a tough negotiator and is seen by some on the American side as a hard-liner who could make discussions even more hostile than they have been.

Though he hasn’t named Zhong, Kudlow has warned a number of times in recent weeks that the inclusion of new “hard-liners” on the Chinese side could complicate efforts to secure a deal, and thus lead Trump to impose more tariffs as he has threatened. Still, such a view is dismissed by China analyst Pauline Loong, managing director at research company Asia-Analytica in Hong Kong.

“This is not some minor discussion with give and take on minor issues,” she said. “The concessions now needed to clinch an agreement will require decisions at the Politburo Standing Committee level, not at the level of the negotiating team.”

The discussions will cover a range of issues, including intellectual property, forced technology transfer, nontariff barriers, agriculture, services, the trade deficit, and enforcement, according to a White House statement.

“China is not going to make dramatic concessions, so the issue for the U.S. side is whether it wants to accept a practical compromise or resume escalation,” said David Dollar, a former U.S. Treasury attache in Beijing, now a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington.

On July 26, Trump said China may wait until after the 2020 U.S. presidential election to sign an agreement because Beijing would prefer to reach a deal with a Democrat. “I think that China will probably say, ‘let’s wait,’” he told reporters in the Oval Office. “When I win, like almost immediately, they’re all going to sign deals.”